Long Division Explained

Wednesday, June 30, 2010 0 comments

Long Division Method - Double Division Step-by-Step


"Teaching Double Division can help in teaching long division by reinforcing the principles of division and giving students success with a less frustrating alternative.




 
Double Division does not depend on memorizing the multiplication facts or estimating how many times one number goes into another. It may take 50% longer, but it is far less frustrating and probably easier to understand than Long Division.
 
MOTIVATION:
The value of teaching manual division is to give people a method they can actually use if they have to, and to teach about mathematics.
It could be argued that if students seldom use long division after leaving school then it might be better for them to have a simpler and more intuitive method at their disposal - one that is easier to remember and understand. Would someone ten years out of school have an easier time doing long division or Double Division? - I'm not sure, but Double Division seems simpler to me.
About teaching math, I'm not sure that long division teaches math very well. It helps teach people how to follow a long procedure and it gives some practice multiplying and subtracting. I'm not sure how many people understand what is happening when you bring down the next digit or understand why you have to add a zero to the answer when the "number after subtracting" is less than the divisor.
One problem I see with Double Division is that you have to do more subtraction. I personally find subtraction harder than multiplication. The other problem is that (not counting the trial and error) Double Division will usually have more steps.

WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE?
1) In long division you guess which multiple to subtract, where as in Double Division you pick from four options. (Any multiple you pick works. You don't always have to pick the largest possible one; sometimes I pick the easiest one to subtract.)
2) In Double Division you write out the zeros so it's clear how big the numbers are.
3) In Double Division you write your answer on the right side where you have room to accumulate many parts of the answer. In long division you write the answer on the top and have to get each digit of the answer exactly right - because there is only room there to write one number.
Here is how I see it so far:
REASONS TO TEACH DIVISION:
- to teach mathematics
- a method to actually use in rare instances
- to prepare students for higher math
Double DIVISION ADVANTAGES:
- teaches how division works
- no trial and error: I don't know how many times 372 go into 2711.
- easier to do: Double, double, double, subtract the best ones, add up the answer.
- gives practice doubling numbers
Double DIVISION DISADVANTAGE:
- more subtraction
- more steps (see note below)
- requires more space on the paper
- incremental difficulty in going on to decimals ?may? be more
- may not lead as directly to polynomial division - arguable
IS Double DIVISION LONGER?
If we assume there is an equal chance of all ten digits being in the answer then on average there will be 1.5X as many "multiple and subtract" steps. For example a "7" in the answer requires 3 steps, and a zero in the answer requires no steps.
Also remember that the multiply part of the "multiply and subtract" steps is already done for you. So this part will be faster. Of course you have to pre-multiple the divisor three times in the beginning.
In the end I think it is longer, but not as much as you might think initially.


It's Easy!
Step 1 - Double, double, double.
Step 2 - Subtract off multiples.
Step 3 - Add up your answer." 
Adapted from http://www.doubledivision.org
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Long Division with Remainders

 Long Division Method - Double Division Step-by-Step


How to do long division with a remainder?
 Double Division with 3 Digit Divisors 612416/983 - Method of Vietnamese Diagram: Double the Divisor 3 Times


How to do long division for kids?
Method of International Diagram: Double the Divisor 3 Times


How To Do Long Division?







Long Division with Remainders

When we are given a long division to do it will not always work out to a whole number.
Sometimes there will be numbers left over. These are known as remainders.
Taking an example similar to that on the Long Division page it becomes more clear:
435 ÷ 25 

4 ÷ 25 = 0 remainder 4 The first number of the dividend is divided by the divisor.
The whole number result is placed at the top. Any remainders are ignored at this point.
25 × 0 = 0 The answer from the first operation is multiplied by the divisor. The result is placed under the number divided into.
4 – 0 = 4 Now we take away the bottom number from the top number.
Bring down the next number of the dividend.
43 ÷ 25 = 1 remainder 18 Divide this number by the divisor.
The whole number result is placed at the top. Any remainders are ignored at this point.
25 × 1 = 25 The answer from the above operation is multiplied by the divisor. The result is placed under the last number divided into.
43 – 25 = 18 Now we take away the bottom number from the top number.
Bring down the next number of the dividend.
185 ÷ 25 = 7 remainder 10 Divide this number by the divisor.
The whole number result is placed at the top. Any remainders are ignored at this point.
25 × 7 = 175 The answer from the above operation is multiplied by the divisor. The result is placed under the number divided into.
185 – 175 = 10 Now we take away the bottom number from the top number.
There is still 10 left over but no more numbers to bring down.
With a long division with remainders the answer is expressed as 17 remainder 10 as shown in the diagram


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Addition and Subtraction Worksheets






Addition is bringing two or more numbers (or things) together to make a new total.


Here 1 ball is added
to 1 ball
to make 2 balls:
Using Numbers it is:    1 + 1 = 2
And in words it is: "One plus one equals two"

Example: If you add 2 and 3 you get 5. You would write it like this:
2 + 3 = 5








Try It

Write this down, with the answer, using numbers:

Swapping Places

Swapping the position of the numbers you are adding still gets the same result!
3 + 2 = 5 3+2=5
... also ...
2 + 3 = 5 2+3=5

More Examples:
5 + 1 = 1 + 5 = 6
7 + 11 = 11 + 7 = 18
4 + 100 = 100 + 4 = 104


4+3=? Read the full story

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How to do long division for kids?

Tuesday, June 29, 2010 0 comments






How to do long division for kids?
How to divide a three digit number by a one digit number (e.g 413 ÷ 7).

  • Place the divisor before the division bracket and place the dividend (413) under it.
  • 
         
    7)413
  • Examine the first digit of the dividend(4). It is smaller than 7 so it can't be divided by 7 to produce a whole number. Next take the first two digits of the dividend (41) and determine how many 7's it contains. In this case 41 holds five sevens (5*7=35) but not six (6*7=42). Place the 5 above the division bracket.
  • 
       5 
    7)413
  • Multiply the 5 by 7 and place the result (35) below the 41 of the dividend.
  • 
       5 
    7)413
      35
  • Draw a line under the 35 and subtract it from 41 (41-35=6). Bring down the 3 from the 413 and place it to the right of the 6.
  • 
       5 
    7)413
      35
       63
  • Divide 63 by 7 and place that answer above the division bracket to the right of the five.
  • 
       59
    7)413
      35
       63
  • Multiply the 9 of the quotient by the divisor (7) to get 63 and place this below the 63 under the dividend. Subtract 63 from 63 to give an answer of 0. This indicates that there is nothing left over and 7 can be evenly divided into 413 to produce a quotient of 59.
  • 
       59
    7)413
      35
       63
       63
        0


 Toán Chia Lớp 3 - Lý thuyết phép chia: Phép chia: chia số có 3 chữ số cho số có 1 chữ số
Lưu ý: trong bài học này và các bài học tiếp theo, chúng ta sẽ học cách trình bàythực hiện các bước của phép chia số học theo thông lệ quốc tế. Bởi vậy có nhiều khác biệt so với cách trình bày và vị trí đặt số bị chia, số chia, dấu ký hiệu phép chia trong sách giáo khoa Việt Nam.

Cách để chia số có ba chữ số cho số có một chữ số (thí dụ 413 ÷ 7).
  • Đặt số chia (7) trước dấu ngoặc ôm của phép chia và đặt số bị chia (413) ở phía bên dưới dấu này.
  • 
         
    7)413
  • Khảo sát thấy rằng chữ số thứ nhất của số bị chia (số 4) nhỏ hơn 7 nên không thể chia cho 7 để được kết quả là một số nguyên. Nên ta lấy hai chữ số đầu của số bị chia (41) và xác định xem nó có thể chia hết cho bao nhiêu bộ số 7. Trong trường hợp này, 41 chứa đựng năm bộ số 7 (5*7=35) chứ không thể là sáu (6*7=42). Ta đặt số 5 ở dòng phía bên trên dấu ngoặc ôm của phép chia.
  • 
       5 
    7)413
  • Nhân 5 với 7 và đặt đáp số (35) xuống dòng phía bên dưới số 41 của số bị chia.
  • 
       5 
    7)413
      35
  • Kẻ một đường ngang dưới số 35 và lấy 41 trừ đi 35 ta được 6 (41-35=6). Hạ chữ số 3 từ số 413 xuống dòng phía bên dưới và đặt ở bên phải của 6.
  • 
       5 
    7)413
      35
       63
  • Chia 63 cho 7 và đặt đáp số lên dòng phía trên dấu ngoặc ôm của phép chia và nằm bên phải của số 5.
  • 
       59
    7)413
      35
       63
  • Nhân thương số (9) với số chia (7) được 63, ta đặt số 63 xuống dòng phía bên dưới số bị chia 63. Trừ 63 cho 63 cho ta đáp số là 0. Điều nay cho biết không còn gì từ phía bên trái và thương số (59) của phép chia 413 cho 7 là một số chẵn.
  • 
       59
    7)413
      35
       63
       63
        0

Tham khảo: cách để chia 413 cho 7 theo chuẩn được trình bày trong sách giáo khoa Việt Nam.

Chia theo thứ tự từ trái sang phải:
  • 41 chia cho 7 được 5, viết 5;
  • 5 nhân 7 bằng 35; 41 trừ 35 bằng 6, viết 6.
  • Hạ 3, được 63; 63 chia cho 7 được 9, viết 9;
  • 9 nhân 7 bằng 63, 63 trừ 63 bằng 0, viết 0.
  • Đáp số 413 chia cho 7 được 59.
  • 
    413   | 7
       |________
    63   |59
    63   |
    ___
    00
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How To Do Long Division Step by Step?





How to do long division step by step?
How to do long division for kids?

Long Division: Dividing a 4-digit by 2-digit numbers
How to divide a four digit number by a two digit number (e.g. 4138 ÷ 17):

  • Place the divisor before the division bracket and place the dividend (4138) under it.
  • 
           
    17)4138
  • Examine the first digit of the dividend(4). It is smaller than 17 so can't be divided by 17 to produce a whole number. Next take the first two digits of the dividend (41) and determine how many 17's it contains. In this case 41 holds two seventeens (2*17=34) but not three (3*17=51). Place the 2 above the division bracket.
  • 
        2  
    17)4138
  • Multiply the 2 by 17 and place the result (34) below the 41 of the dividend.
  • 
        2 
    17)4138
       34
  • Draw a line under the 34 and subtract it from 41 (41-34=7). Bring down the 3 from the 4138 and place it to the right of the 7.
  • 
        2 
    17)4138
       34
        73
  • Divide 73 by 17 and place that answer above the division bracket and to the right of the two.
  • 
        24 
    17)4138
       34
        73
  • Multiply the 4 of the quotient by the divisor (17) to get 68 and place this below the 73 under the dividend. Subtract 68 from 73 to give an answer of 5. Bring down the 8 from the dividend 4138 and place it next to the 5
  • 
        24 
    17)4138
       34
        73
        68
         58
  • Divide 58 by 17 and place that answer (3) above the division bracket and to the right of the four.
  • 
        243
    17)4138
       34
        73
        68
         58
  • Multiply the 3 of the quotient by the divisor (17) to get 51 and place this below the 58 under the dividend. Subtract 51 from 58 to give an answer of 7.
  • 
        243
    17)4138
       34
        73
        68
         58
         51
          7
  • There are no more digits in the dividend to bring down so the 7 is a remainder. The final answer could be written in several ways.
    243 remainder 7 or sometimes 243r7
    or as a mixed number 243  7/17

Toán Chia Lớp 3 - Tính phép chia với thời gian kéo dài: Chia số có 4 chữ số cho số có 2 chữ số

Lưu ý: trong bài học này và các bài học tiếp theo, chúng ta sẽ học cách trình bàythực hiện các bước của phép chia số học theo thông lệ quốc tế. Bởi vậy có nhiều khác biệt so với cách trình bày và vị trí đặt số bị chia, số chia, dấu ký hiệu phép chia trong sách giáo khoa Việt Nam.

Cách để chia một số có bốn chữ số cho một số có hai chữ số (thí dụ. 4138 ÷ 17):
  • Đặt số chia (17) trước dấu ngoặc ôm của phép chia và đặt số bị chia (4138) ở phía bên dưới dấu này.
  • 
           
    17)4138
  • Khảo sát thấy rằng chữ số thứ nhất của số bị chia (số 4) nhỏ hơn 17 nên không thể chia cho 17 để được kết quả là một số nguyên. Nên ta lấy hai chữ số đầu của số bị chia (41) và xác định xem nó có thể chia hết cho bao nhiêu bộ số 17. Trong trường hợp này, 41 chứa đựng hai bộ số 17 (2*17=34) chứ không thể là ba (3*17=51). Ta đặt số 2 ở dòng phía bên trên dấu ngoặc ôm của phép chia.
  • 
        2  
    17)4138
  • Nhân 2 với 17 và đặt đáp số (34) xuống dòng phía bên dưới số 41 của số bị chia.
  • 
        2 
    17)4138
       34
  • Kẻ một đường ngang dưới số 34 và lấy 41 trừ đi 34 (41-34=7). Hạ chữ số 3 từ số 4138 xuống dòng phía bên dưới và đặt ở bên phải của 7.
  • 
        2 
    17)4138
       34
        73
  • Chia 73 cho 17 và đặt đáp số (4) lên dòng phía trên dấu ngoặc ôm của phép chia và nằm bên phải của số 2.
  • 
        24 
    17)4138
       34
        73
  • Nhân thương số (4) với số chia (17) được 68, ta đặt số 68 xuống dòng phía bên dưới số bị chia 73. Trừ bớt đi 68 từ 73 cho ta đáp số là 5. Hạ chữ số 8 từ số bị chia 4138 xuống dòng phía bên dưới và đặt ngay sau số 5 (đặt bên phải số 5)
  • 
        24 
    17)4138
       34
        73
        68
         58
  • Chia 58 cho 17 và đặt đáp số (3) lên dòng phía trên dấu ngoặc ôm và nằm bên phải của số 4.
  • 
        243
    17)4138
       34
        73
        68
         58
  • Nhân thương số (3) với số chia (17) cho 51, đặt 51 xuống dòng phía bên dưới số bị chia 58. Trừ đi 51 từ 58 cho đáp số là 7.
  • 
        243
    17)4138
       34
        73
        68
         58
         51
          7
  • Nhận thấy không còn chữ số nào trong số bị chia để có thể hạ xuống để thực hiện tiếp phép chia, nên 7 là số dư. Đáp số cuối cùng có thể được viết bằng một vài cách sau.
    243 dư 7 hoặc đôi khi ta viết 243d7
    hoặc viết ở dạng hỗn số 243  7/17
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Adding Fractions with Different Denominators

Addition Fractions - Unlike Denominators





How to Add Fractions with different denominators:
  • Find the Least Common Denominator (LCD) of the fractions
  • Rename the fractions to have the LCD
  • Add the numerators of the fractions
  • Simplify the Fraction


Example: Find the Sum of 2/9 and 3/12
  • Determine the Greatest Common Factor of 9 and 12 which is 3
  • Either multiply the denominators and divide by the GCF (9*12=108, 108/3=36)
  • OR - Divide one of the denominators by the GCF and multiply the answer by the other denominator (9/3=3, 3*12=36)
  • Rename the fractions to use the Least Common Denominator(2/9=8/36, 3/12=9/36)
  • The result is 8/36 + 9/36
  • Add the numerators and put the sum over the LCD = 17/36
  • Simplify the fraction if possible. In this case it is not possible
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Kids Math Lessons

Monday, June 28, 2010 0 comments



Kids Math Lessons, Kids Math Games, Kids Math Practice, Kids Math Worksheets
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